''Technology and Innovations: a catalyst for Conservation of Energy and Environmental protection."

One

what is Technology and Innovations?

technological innovation system is a concept developed within the scientific field of innovation studies which serves to explain the nature and rate of technological change.^[1] A Technological Innovation System can be defined as ‘a dynamic network of agents interacting in a specific economic/industrial area under a particular institutional infrastructure and involved in the generation, diffusion, and utilization of technology’.^[2]

The approach may be applied to at least three levels of analysis: to a technology in the sense of a knowledge field, to a product or an artifact, or to a set of related products and artifacts aimed at satisfying a particular (societal) function’.^[3] With respect to the latter, the approach has especially proven itself in explaining why and how sustainable (energy) technologies have developed and diffused into a society, or have failed to do so.

The Structures in Technology and Innovations.

The system components of a Technological Innovation System are called structures. These represent the static aspect of the system, as they are relatively stable over time. Three basic categories are distinguished:

• Actors: Actors involve organizations contributing to a technology, as a developer or adopter, or indirectly as a regulator, financier, etc. It is the actors of a Technological Innovation System that, through choices and actions, actually generate, diffuse and utilize technologies. The potential variety of relevant actors is enormous, ranging from private actors to public actors, and from technology developers to technology adopters. The development of a Technological Innovation System will depend on the interrelations between all these actors. For example, entrepreneurs are unlikely to start investing in their businesses if governments are unwilling to support them financially. Visa-verse, governments have no clue where financial support is necessary if entrepreneurs do not provide them with the information and the arguments they need to legitimate policy support.

• Institutions: Institutional structures are at the core of the innovation system concept.^[9] It is common to consider institutions as ‘the rules of the game in a society, or, more formally, (...) the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction’.^[10] A distinction can be made between formal institutions and informal institutions, with formal institutions being the rules that are codified and enforced by some authority, and informal institutions being more tacit and organically shaped by the collective interaction of actors. Informal institutions can be normative or cognitive. The normative rules are social norms and values with moral significance, whereas cognitive rules can be regarded as collective mind frames, or social paradigms.^[11] Examples of formal institutions are government laws and policy decisions; firm directives or contracts also belong to this category. An example of a normative rule is the responsibility felt by a company to prevent or clean up waste. Examples of cognitive rules are search heuristics or problem-solving routines. They also involve dominant visions and expectations held by the actors.^[12][13]

• Technological factors: Technological structures consist of artefacts and the technological infrastructures in which they are integrated. They also involve the techno-economic workings of such artefacts, including costs, safety, reliability. These features are crucial for understanding the feedback mechanisms between technological change and institutional change. For example, if R&D subsidy schemes supporting technology development should result in improvements with regard to the safety and reliability of applications, this would pave the way for more elaborate support schemes, including practical demonstrations. These may, in turn, benefit technological improvements even more. It should, however, be noted here that the importance of technological features has often been neglected by scholars.^[14]

     The structural factors are merely the elements that make up the system. In an actual system, these factors are all linked to each other. If they form dense configurations they are called networks. An example would be a coalition of firms jointly working on the application of a fuel cell, guided by a set of problem-solving routines and supported by a subsidy program. Likewise, industry associations, research communities, policy networks, user-supplier relations etc. are all examples of networks.

An analysis of structures typically yields insight into systemic features - complementarities and conflicts - that constitute drivers and barriers for technology diffusion at a certain moment or within a given period in time.

What is conservation of Energy?

The conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of physics along with the conservation of mass and the conservation of momentum. Within some problem domain, the amount of energy remains constant and energy is neither created nor destroyed. Energy can be converted from one form to another (potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy) but the total energy within the domain remains fixed.

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy and work of a system. As mentioned on the gas properties slide, thermodynamics deals only with the large scale response of a system which we can observe and measure in experiments. In rocketry, we are most interested in thermodynamics in the study of propulsion systems and understanding high speed flows.

On some separate slides, we have discussed the state of a static gas, the properties which define the state, and the first law of thermodynamics as applied to any system, in general. On this slide we derive a useful form of the energy conservation equation for a gas beginning with the first law of thermodynamics. If we call the internal energy of a gas E, the work done by the gas W, and the heat transferred into the gas Q, then the first law of thermodynamics indicates that between state "1" and state "2":

What is conservation of environmental protection?

Environmental Law is a complex combination of state, federal, and international treaty law pertaining to issues of concern to the environment and protecting natural resources. For example, environmental laws often relate to issues such as pollution of soil, air, or water; global warming; and depletion of oil, coal, and clean water.The Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Ghana) is an agency of Ghana's Ministry of Environment, Science Technology and Innovation, established by EPA Act 490 (1994).^[1] The agency is dedicated to improving, conserving and promoting the country’s environment and striving for environmentally sustainable development with sound, efficient resource management, taking into account social and equity issues. It oversees the implementation of the National Environment Policy.^[2] EPA Ghana's mission is to manage, protect and enhance the country’s environment and seek common solutions to global environmental problems. Its mission is to be achieved through an integratedenvironmental planning and management system with broad public participation, efficient implementation of appropriate programmes and technical services, advice on environmental problems and effective, consistent enforcement of environmental law and regulations. EPA Ghana is a regulatory body and a catalyst for change to sound environmental stewardship.

The Examples of conservation of energy.

• The Law of Conservation of energy says that energy cannot be created. So what does that mean? It means that if the 8 ball is now in motion, it took energy from the cue ball, which means that the cue ball has now lost energy, and will be traveling slower, and if they hit at the right spot (since they are approximately equal in mass) the cue ball can even come to a complete stop upon collision. 

• If you shoot the cue ball at a stationary ball (let's call it the 8 ball) across the table, the cue ball has Kinetic Energy, where as, the 8 ball has only potential energy. 

• When the cue ball collides with the 8 ball, the kinetic energy will transfer from the cue ball to the 8 ball, sending the 8 ball in motion. Now that the 8 ball is in motion it has Kinetic energy which is a change of form. 

• When playing pool, the cue ball is shot at a stationary 8 ball. The cue ball has energy. When the cue ball hits the 8 ball, the energy transfers from the cue ball to the 8 ball, sending the 8 ball into motion. The cue ball loses energy because the energy it had has been transferred to the 8 ball, so the cue ball slows down.

The examples of conservation of environmental protection.

1. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs: It is true that these bulbs are more expensive, but they last much longer and they can save energy and in the long term your electricity bill would be reduced.
2. Donate:
   You have tons of clothes or things you want to get rid of. If they are still usable, give them to someone who needs them. You may also choose to give them to associations. These associations may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause.
3. Turn off your devices: 
   When you do not use a house device, turn it off. For example, if you don't watch TV, turn it off. Turn off the light when you leave a room (even if you intend to return.) It's an easy habit to take up which will help you save a lot of money.
4. Walk or cycle: 
   Driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution. If you want to use your car, ask yourself the following question: do I really need my car? Walk or use your bike if the journey is a short one.
5. Detergent:
   Follow the recommended dose of detergent to wash your clothes or dishes.
6. leaky faucets:
   Watch leaky faucets, which can cause a significant increase in the the water bill. An average of 120 liters of water can be wasted due to a dripping faucet.
7. Rainwater:
   Think of recovering rainwater. This water can be used for different purposes.

The Examples of Technology.

1.Study Blue

Imagine your smartphone as your primary source for study materials. This company has created an app that allows students to organize their coursework, store notes and flashcards, and share their materials with other students.

Study Blue’s main attraction is that it is mobile. Whether standing in line for coffee, riding the train, or waiting at the dentist, a student can easily access their class work and prepare for an exam. The social aspect also helps students find other people studying similar subjects, capitalizing on a different set of notes and study guides.

2. Lore

The new startup is using a Facebook type platform- riding the wave of what works- and tailoring it for education. This social network allows professors and students to communicate, follow one another, and discuss class work and lectures.

In addition to the social aspect, it allows for document uploads, calendar sharing, and a grade book option. So why is this better than Facebook? Simply put, social networks aren’t always the best place to develop academic networks. Students can follow their professors and interact with them without worrying about that compromising photo from a crazy weekend party.

3. Celly

Teachers are continually fighting against the ever-growing list of distractions that a smart phone offers to bored or shy students in the back of the room. But Celly is a text-messaging network that allows anyone to create a network anywhere- at a rally, event, in the classroom, or on a field trip using smartphones.

Teachers that have used this in their classrooms have noted that those who normally never speak up…do. It forces students to write their thoughts clearly and concisely. Rather than fighting the tide against texting, instructors are using it for academic purposes.

The Examples of Innovations.

Proppants for non conventional oil and gas drilling and exploration

Proppants are agents that keep rock fractures open to make non-conventional oil and gas field exploitation possible. They are widely used to drill for shale gas in North America. The spread of horizontal drilling and multiple fracturing, in addition to the growth in energy needs, is resulting in high demand for proppants. This market is expected to grow sharply, at approximately +8% per year (+3% of ceramic proppants growth in 2013).
Imerys identified the potential of this market several years ago and has allocated substantial research efforts. The Group has filed 14 patents in this ar^®, the rod shape of which helps to increase the productivity of wells without the need to use polluting additives. In 2011, Imerys launched the construction of a production unit for ceramic proppants, which was commissioned at the end of the year.

ea, and in 2008, launched a small unit of a highly innovative proppant, Propynite

With the purchase of PyraMax Ceramics LLC in April 2013, Imerys acquired ownership of an industrial complex based in Wrens (Georgia, USA) dedicated to manufacturing ceramic proppants from bauxitic kaolins. Construction of this plant with forecast capacity of 225,000 tons was completed at the end of 2013 and its ramp-up is planned for 2014. With this development, Imerys is tripling its proppants production capacity and enhancing its local reserves of bauxitic kaolin.

Carbon for the Li-Ion battery

A Li-ion battery stores energy through the reversible exchange of lithium ions between a negative electrode comprised of specific carbon products such as graphite, and a positive electrode made from various metallic oxides and conductive additives such as carbon black.

Imerys Graphite & Carbon activity is the world leader in carbon black, which represents a market of approximately 2,500 tons per year. Reversible ion storage in the negative electrode is made possible by a special carbon for which the market is ten times larger in volume terms than that of carbon black in the positive pole. The most common technical solution consists of natural graphite that is made spherical by an energy-intensive mechanical process with a low material yield and is then coated and impregnated with asphalt. As these products are considered harmful, the industry is developing alternatives. In 2005, the Graphite & Carbon activity offered a solution that, in an improved form, led to the introduction of a new product in 2011.

Launched in 2012, C-NERGY™ ACTILION-1 is an active graphite product used for the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries. The market has considerable potential as electronic products are likely to grow + 7% per year, while the Li-ion battery carbon market could grow by 30-40% per year in volume terms, according to several studies.

In 2013, the Graphite & Carbon activity doubled production capacity of its Willebroek (Belgium) carbon black plant in response to the rise in demand from mobile energy and conductive polymers segments; this production facility has been operating since the end of 2013 and should progressively ramp-up in 2014.

Natural Disasters

What is Natural disaster?

A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage,^[1] and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover.^[2]
An adverse event will not rise to the level of a disaster if it occurs in an area without vulnerable population.^[3][4] In a vulnerable area, however, such as San Francisco and Nepal, an earthquake can have disastrous consequences and leave lasting damage, requiring years to repair.
In 2012, there were 905 natural disasters worldwide, 93% of which were weather-related disasters. Overall costs were US$170 billion and insured losses $70 billion. 2012 was a moderate year. 45% were meteorological (storms), 36% were hydrological (floods), 12% were climatological (heat waves, cold waves, droughts, wildfires) and 7% were geophysical events (earthquakes and volcanic eruptions). Between 1980 and 2011 geophysical events accounted for 14% of all natural catastrophes.<sup>[5]



The differents kind of natural disasters.</sup>
 
Earthquakes

See also: Lists of earthquakes

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground.Earthquakes are caused mostly by slippage within geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the focus. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter. Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife. It is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis (seismic sea waves) and volcanoes, that are actually the human disaster. Many of these could possibly be avoided by better construction, safety systems, early warning and planning.

  
Volcanic eruptions 

Main articles: List of largest volcanic eruptions and Types of volcanic eruptions

Volcanoes can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster in several ways. The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or the fall of rock. Second, lava may be produced during the eruption of a volcano. As it leaves the volcano, the lava destroys many buildings, plants and animals it encounters. Third, volcanic ash generally meaning the cooled ash - may form a cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations. When mixed with water this forms a concrete-like material. In sufficient quantity ash may cause roofs to collapse under its weight but even small quantities will harm humans if inhaled. Since the ash has the consistency of ground glass it causes abrasion damage to moving parts such as engines. The main killer of humans in the immediate surroundings of a volcanic eruption is the pyroclastic flows, which consist of a cloud of hot volcanic ash which builds up in the air above the volcano and rushes down the slopes when the eruption no longer supports the lifting of the gases. It is believed that Pompeii was destroyed by a pyroclastic flow. A lahar is a volcanic mudflow or landslide. The 1953 Tangiwai disaster was caused by a lahar, as was the 1985 Armero tragedy in which the town of Armero was buried and an estimated 23,000 people were killed.
A specific type of volcano is the supervolcano. According to the Toba catastrophe theory, 75,000 to 80,000 years ago a supervolcanic event at Lake Toba reduced the human population to 10,000 or even 1,000 breeding pairs, creating a bottleneck in human evolution.^[8] It also killed three-quarters of all plant life in the northern hemisphere. The main danger from a supervolcano is the immense cloud of ash, which has a disastrous global effect on climate and temperature for many years.

See also: List of floods

Tornadoes

See also: List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

A tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is also referred to as a twister or a cyclone,^[13] although the word cyclone is used in meteorology in a wider sense, to refer to any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are approximately 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 300 mph (480 km/h), stretch more than two miles (3 km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (perhaps more than 100 km).

Avalanches 

 An avalanche is a geophysical hazard caused by a large amount of snow sliding down a mountainside. It is a common sight in some mountains in winter. When an avalanche moves towards ground level, it gains mass by amassing snow from the snowpack and is usually at its highest speed when it gets nearer to the bottom of the slope. An avalanche occurs when the snow packed down on the surface fails to carry its weight. Rapid wind speed, major temperature changes, and manmade influences are other common factors causing avalanches.

Extratropical cyclones

Main article: Extratropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones, are a group of cyclones defined as synoptic scale low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the Earth (outside the tropics) not having tropical characteristics, and are connected with fronts and horizontal gradients in temperature and dew point otherwise known as "baroclinic zones". As with tropical cyclones, they are known by different names in different regions (nor'easter, Pacific Northwest windstorms, European windstorm, East Asian-northwest Pacific storms, sudestada, and Australian east coast cyclones). The most intense extratropical cyclones cause widespread disruption and damage to society, such as the storm surge of the North Sea flood of 1953 which killed 2251 people in the Netherlands and eastern England, the Great Storm of 1987 which damaged southern England and France, and the Columbus Day Storm of 1962 which struck the Pacific Northwest.


 Hurricanes

Cyclones, tropical storms, typhoons, and hurricanes describe the same disaster type. Basically, these types of natural disasters refer to a closed circulation system in the atmosphere that consists of strong winds and low pressure. The winds rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere. A tropical cyclone is usually characterized by a low-pressure center with strong winds and spiral rain bands.


Drought

A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region suffers a severe deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average rainfall. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage and harm the local economy.



Why do natural disasters happened?

Soil erosion is caused by the wind and rain which washes away soil and rocks. This can be a
contributing factor for flooding, mudslides and landslides. The change in ocean currents can change the temperature of the seas, which can increase the intensity or frequency of storms as well as kill sea life, which can lead to food shortages.
Air pressure and the interaction between high and low pressure, which can also be caused by changes in sea temperature are the cause of many natural disasters. Tornadoes, thunderstorms and hurricanes are all caused by this interaction. The rain and wind alongside these weather systems can cause serious damage to property as well as cause flooding. Along with soil erosion during a storm, rivers can burst their banks, adding to the floods.
Seismic activity is responsible for earthquakes, typhoons and volcano eruptions. As tectonic plates around the Earth shift, rubbing against each other, energy can build up. Once this energy is released, it can cause earthquakes which can cause typhoons or tsunamis. Volcanoes erupt when this pressure builds up and causes molten rock from the lower parts of the Earth's crust to be expelled from the crater.


  What  are the effect of natural disasters?

They are most of the previous answerer's posts but here is what mankind can do to mitigate many of them,learn how to build runoff aqua-ducts to feed drought stricken areas that do not get rainfall,build better infrastructure that can withstand tsunamis as has been done in New Orleans that President Obama has denied operating funds to and learn how these natural disaster's happen such as tornadoes and some day we may learn how to defuse them.The problem is the funding.There is growing concern that we must stop bailing out the wall street bankers that continue the same speculative gambling with the funds they've been looting from the tax payers that our politicians have been passing off onto us as national debt and reverse these funds and invest them back into these needed programs instead to not only create needed jobs on a massive scale but to begin rebuilding the farms,factories and various industries that have also been looted and shut down due to the wall street speculators doing what is known as "buy low,sell dear".That is where they dismantle companies and sell off all of their machinery and tools of the trade they bought out and make the company no longer exist.They've destroyed small business and have been doing it for so long that there's nothing left loot.They scrap whole corporations and have been shutting down everyone's jobs.When there's no steel plants left,no farms left,etc...then people cant's continue creating new products and new technologies to fix these problems.We need to build NAWAPA,(North American Water And Power Alliance),take the Google tour and learn how we have the technology to Terraform deserts,how the effects of re-hydrating areas of the earth actually change weather patterns and creates plush,forested lands,redistributes mass water and creates spinoff jobs in many fields of employment.Farming is a big one which would establish an increasing supply of food.Many types of jobs require fresh water,NAWAPA diverts the 90% fresh water glacier and snow in Alaska that just flows back into the ocean,thus being lost to use and wasted.There are mining jobs galore that would open up as a result of NAWAPA. 
Anyway,that's just one example but there are videos of this program here: 



How to prevent the natural disasters

When aid organizations intervene to address malnutrition and prevent famine, they have tools at their disposal that were unimaginable a decade ago. For instance, Plumpy’Nut, a peanut paste that contains vegetable oil, milk powder, vitamins, and minerals and costs less than fortified milk formulas, revolutionized the aid scene during the recent food crisis in Niger. Referred to as a “miracle product,” Plumpy’Nut has streamlined the aid operations of several organizations.

“In 2002 it took 2,000 staff to treat 10,000 children during a famine inAngola,” Stephane Doyon, a nutrition team leader at Medecins Sans Frontieres Doctors without Borders told the BBC in April 2010. “In Niger we needed just 150 staff for the same number of patients. Thanks to Plumpy’Nut, mass treatment is suddenly possible.”

Ang talumbuhay ni Maria Isabel F. Gatilago

                Ako po si Maria Isabel ,ako ay labing isang taong gulang na, nakatira ako sa #78 Magsaysay Avenue Sanroque Teresa,Rizal. Ang pangalan ng nanay ko ay si Clarita F. Gatilago, sya ay nasa bahay lang. Ang tatay ko naman ay si Danilo S.Gatilago,  sya po ay nasa ibang bansa para matustos ang pangangailangan namin. May kapatid ako ang pangalan nya ay si Maria giadel F. Gatilago.                                                                   

                 Ako po ay makulit na bata,palaaway,minsan mabait at mapagbigay,ako po ay minsan hndi sumusunod sa magulang ko,chubby at mataba,mapagkaibigan,malambing,madaling maakit,palabiro yung totoong lang ako ay joker sa klase namin.ako ay namatayan ng mas matandang kapatid sa akin ang pangalan nya ay John Danielle  F. Gatilago.nung bata ako ay mahilig maglaro ng manika,mahilig kumain. kami ay hndi mayaman may kaya lang kami. nung grade 1 to grade 4 ay sa SRLMS ako nag aral, nung grade 5 naman hanggang sa grade 6 ngayon sa TES. masipag ako mag gawa ng takdang aralin at maglinis sa paaralan. ang mga bff ko ay sina angelica,janina madami pa. ang paborito kong soup ay lomi, ang idolo ko ay ang kathniel,ang idolo kong singer ay si taylor swift,ang paborito kong kulay ay violet,ako po ay laging nakasimangot! haha.. pag wala akong ginagawa tumatawa nalang ako. addict ako sa computer,cellphone shooting games at iba pang nakakaaadik.takot ako sa gagamba,ipis,palaka at bulate. ako ay palatawa.ang paborito kong pagkain ay chicken. ako ay laging napapagalitan ni mommy.ako ay mahilig mag search ng mga kakaibang linalang yung mga kagaya ng history para malaman ko kung ano talaga kagay  yan lang ako simple.

20 most delicious foods in the world

1.Seafood paella, Spain

The sea is lapping just by your feet, a warm breeze whips the tablecloth around your legs and a steamy pan of paella sits in front of you. Shrimp, lobster, mussels and cuttlefish combine with white rice and various herbs, oil and salt in this Valencian dish to send you immediately into holiday mode.

Though if you have it in Spain, you’re probably there already.

 2.Som tam, Thailand

To prepare Thailand's most famous salad, pound garlic and chilies with a mortar and pestle. Toss in tamarind juice, fish sauce, peanuts, dried shrimp, tomatoes, lime juice, sugar cane paste, string beans and a handful of grated green papaya.

Grab a side of sticky rice. Variations include those made with crab (som tam boo) and fermented fish sauce (som tam plah lah), but none matches the flavor and simple beauty of the original.

3.Ankimo, Japan

So, who’s up for a chunk of monkfish liver with a little grated daikon on the side? Thought not -- still, you’re missing out on one of sushi’s last great secrets, the prized ankimo.

The monkfish/anglerfish that unknowingly bestows its liver upon upscale sushi fans is threatened by commercial fishing nets damaging its sea-floor habitat, so it’s possible ankimo won't be around for much longer.

If you do stumble across the creamy, yet oddly light delicacy anytime soon, consider a taste -- you won’t regret trying one of the best foods in Japan.

4.Parma ham, Italy

You see it folded around melon, wrapped around grissini, placed over pizza, heaped over salad.

There’s good reason for that: these salty, paper-thin slices of air-dried ham lift the taste of everything they accompany to a higher level, following the same theory as the Italian guy who thinks carrying around a copy of “Candide” makes up for the tiny Speedos.

5. Goi cuon (summer roll), Vietnam

This snack made from pork, shrimp, herbs, rice vermicelli and other ingredients wrapped in rice paper is served at room temperature. It’s “meat light,” with the flavors of refreshing herbs erupting in your mouth.

Dipped in a slightly sweet Vietnamese sauce laced with ground peanuts, it’s wholesome, easy and the very definition of “moreish.”

6. Butter garlic crab, India

This one claims no roots in Chinese, Continental or Indian cuisines. It comes from Butter Land, an imaginary best foods paradise balanced on the premise that anything tastes great with melted butter.

This delicious, simple dish is made by drowning a large crab in a gallon of butter-garlic sauce, which seeps into every nook and cranny and coats every inch of flesh.

The sea gods of Butter Land are benevolent carnivores and this, their gift to the world, is their signature dish.

7. Champ, Ireland

Irish national dish champ goes down faster than the first pint of Guinness on a Friday night. Mashed potato with spring onions, butter, salt and pepper, champ is the perfect side with any meat or fish.

For the textbook plate of creamy goodness, we suggest the busiest pub in any Irish seaside town. Around noon somehow feels right.

8. Lasagna, Italy

Second only to pizza in the list of famed Italian foods, there’s a reason this pasta-layered, tomato-sauce-infused, minced-meaty gift to kids and adults alike is so popular -- it just works.

Also: Best Italian restaurants in Seoul

9. Brownie and vanilla ice

cream, global

There are some who will not frequent an establishment if it does not have brownie and ice cream on the dessert menu. You may call them fools.

We do, too, but having done so we then happily leave the first restaurant after the main course to visit one we know has this perfect dessert on offer.

10. Croissant, France

Flaky pastry smothered in butter, a pile of raspberry jam smeared over the top and a soft, giving bite as you sink in your teeth; there’s nothing not to love about this fatty, sweet breakfast food that must be married to a cup of strong coffee.

11. Arepas, Venezuela

A corn-dough patty that provides a savory canvas onto which you can paint any number of delicious toppings: cheese, shredded chicken, crisped pork skin, perico, beef, tomato, avocado … it’s the most beautiful thing to come out of Venezuela since all those Miss Universe winners.

12. Nam tok moo, Thailand

Grilled pork combined with lemon juice, green onions, chili, mint sprigs, fish sauce and toasted rice. Legend has it the blood from the meat along with the dressing inspired some happy carnivore to name this brilliant dish “waterfall (nam tok moo) meat.”

Also: The myth of royal Thai cuisine

13.Kebab, Iran

For keeping starvation at bay for the entire student population of the United Kingdom, the doner kebab should clearly be honored. But they are hardly the delicious prototype worthy of representing a region.

For that, summon the shish kebab. Pick your meat, shove a stick through it, grill. Then wonder why you don’t eat like this every day.

14. Egg tart, Hong Kong

Like many classic dishes, the Hong Kong egg tart marries two contrasting textures: crusty, flaky pastry and jiggly, trembling custard. It’s sweet, it’s delicious and it’s best eaten hot from the oven on the street while queuing up to get just one more.

15. Kalua pig, United States

Only commercially available in Hawaii, the kalua preparation turns a meal into an epic event, with a whole pig roasted in an underground sand pit for six or seven hours.

But it’s not just for show. Smashed banana tree trunks, sea salt and shredded (never sliced) meat means this smoky, aromatic piece of pig will linger long on your tongue and even longer in your memory.

16. Corn on the cob, global

God probably created corn just to have an excuse to invent melted butter. There’s something about biting down on a cob of corn -- it’s a delicate enough operation to require concentration but primal enough to make you feel like the caveman you always wanted to be. Great food is caveman food.

17. Shepherd’s pie, Britain

Some might say England’s greatest inventions were the steam engine and the Jaguar E-Type. We like to think shepherd’s pie -- minced lamb topped with mashed potato -- comes somewhere in that list.

Tastes best at the end of a gloomy, rainy day with an open fire licking at the chimney breast and Ricky Gervais insulting people on the telly. Which is lucky, as that’s what most days are like in England. 

18. Rendang, Indonesia

Beef is slowly simmered with coconut milk and a mixture of lemongrass, galangal, garlic, turmeric, ginger and chilies, then left to stew for a few hours to create this dish of tender, flavorful bovine goodness.

Tasting it fresh out of the kitchen will send your stomach into overdrive, but many people think it gets even better when left overnight.

Also: The baddest chef in Asia?

19. Chicken muamba, Gabon

A bastardized Western version of this delectable Gabonese dish swamps everything in peanut butter. Oh, the insanity. The proper recipe calls for chicken, hot chili, garlic, tomato, pepper, salt, okra and palm butter, an artery-clogging African butter that will force you into a second helping and a promise to start using your gym membership.

20. Tom yum goong, Thailand

This best food Thai masterpiece teems with shrimp, mushrooms, tomatoes, lemongrass, galangal and kaffir lime leaves. Usually loaded with coconut milk and cream, the hearty soup unifies a host of favorite Thai tastes: sour, salty, spicy and sweet. Best of all is the price: cheap.

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